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Research and development in veterinary science can be basic research, while other fields are directly linked to practice. Some of the microbiologists, pathologists and parasitologists have discovered new species; there were those who have come to scientific achievements that had been ahead of their age, and then there were people who have improved the diagnostic procedures, the manual techniques and instruments of surgery or obstetrics.
Marek-Wellmann-Urbányi formula * The von Kóssa-reaction * Virus research of Jármai * Berrár's myopic spot * New parasite species * Hungarian casting method for horses * Azary's endotracheal tube and plessimeter * Obstetrical forceps modified by Plósz * Plósz's surgical knife * Hetze's finger knife * Emasculators * Hetzel's emasculator * Verbőczy's emasculator * Berrár's emasculator * Bölcsházy's extractor (obstetrical wire) * Karpfe's coelotom * Deseő's instrument * Berrár's mouth speculum * Lehoczki's electrical dental rasp * Magyary-Kossa's gas chamber patent
Marek-Wellmann-Urbányi formula Many of the diseases of livestock are due to poor nutrition and husbandry. József Marek with Oszkár Wellmann, head of the department of animal breeding, and the chemist László Urbányi, head of the department of chemistry, did extensive research into rachitis and found that the lack of vitamin D is not its only cause. They have developed a formula for the determination of the so-called FAA (earth alcaly alcalicity) of feeds which was (CaO+MgO)-P2O5. Any abnormal shift in the acid-base balance of the diet results in metabolic disorders, e.g. abnormal bone development in young animals or rickets. Nutritional regimes based on the formula play an important role in the prevention and therapy of diseases.
The von Kossa reaction The reaction revealing calcium deposits was elaborated by Gyula (Magyary-)Kóssa in 1901 and served to show calcium deposits in different parts of the body. During the histochemical reaction, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate accumulating in tissues reacts with the silver nitrate used as an indicator, thus silver phosphate and silver carbonate are created. Under light these compounds release pure silver which can be observed as black stain in slides. Gyula Magyary-Kossa presented his method first in volume 29. 1901 of Beiträge der Pathologischen Anatomie und allgemeinen Pathologie under the title „Ueber die im Organismus künstlich erzeugbaren Verkalkungen”.
The von Kossa-reaction under the microscope Virus research of Jármai
He was the first to verify the suitability of embryonic eggs for virus research. He predicted the importance of the electron microscope in virus research. His books entitled General pathology (1925) and Pathology of Domestic Animals (1936 and 1941) are the first illustrated works of veterinary pathology in Hungarian.
Enlarged hen spleens due to experimental leukosis infection (inoculation)
Berrár’s myopic spot
The examination technique, developed by Berrár for the easy and most practical diagnosis of myopy (short-sightedness) of considerable degree in horses, requires only one single ophthalmic mirror. The so-called myopy spot is the reflection of the opening in the ophthalmic mirror at the bottom of the eye as it is magnified by the reflective media of the organ. A clear image is created on the retina only if the mirror is in the focal point of the eye. The extent of short-sightedness may be calculated on the basis of the distance between the myopic spot and the focal point..
Source: Berrár M.: Állatorvosi sebészet. I. kötet. Az általános sebészet és a szemészet. Budapest : Centrum Kiadó Rt., Állatorvosi Főiskola „Lehel” Bajtársi Egyesülete, 1924. 320. p.
Laboratory of the department of parasitology
New parasite species
Capillaria perforans with autographic lable by Sándor Kotlán
Cochlosoma anatis Kotlán
An speciment of Dipylidium oerleyi Rátz described in cats by István Rátz Hungarian casting method for horses
Azary’s endotracheal tube
The endotracheal tube is inserted into an incision on the trachea. The patient can breathe with its help.
Berrár Mihály: Állatorvosi sebészet. II. kötet. Budapest, Centrum K. Rt. 1924. 141. oldal Azary’s plessimeter A plessimeter or percussion plate and hammer is used for percussion. In large animals, the plessimeter is pressed into the intercostal space and conclusions concerning pathological changes in the lungs can be drawn from the sound generated by the percussion strokes of the hammer.
Obstetrical forceps modified by Plósz The forceps are used for extracting the foetus which got stuck in the birth canal. It is a convenient tool which is easy to use. It may be inserted deeply and gives a firm hold on the foetus.
Plósz’s surgical knife (scalpel) For incisions knife and scissors are used in the soft tissues to minimize tissue destruction. Plósz's is one of the most frequently used scalpels.
Hetzel’s finger knife (obstetrics)
Finger knives serve the purposes of fetotomy. „The instrument is a 7 cm long, bending knife with two rings on its back to hold the index finger that can be moved forward and backward, and with a ring at its end for the thumb. I also put a button above the blade to which the middle finger can be pressed. A thread may be fixed into the small hole on the blade thus we can help in making the incision with our hand outside the sex organs.” Hetzel Henrik: Állatorvosi szülészet. Gödöllő, a szerző kiadása, 1925. 271-272. p.
Emasculators
The emasculator is an instrument resembling scissors used for the castration of male animals which simultaneously crushes and cuts the spermatic cord thus preventing hemorrhaging. Hetzel’s emasculator
Verbőczy's emasculator Berrár’s emasculator
Bölcsházy’s extractor (obstetrical wire)
The wire served the pulling out of the foetuses of large animals which got stuck in the birth canal. The set consists of three wires two of which should be fixed on the limbs, and one on the head. The wire is stainless of high endurance, flexible but it does not wrinkle. The wire is covered by steel spirals to prevent lesions. The loop should be pulled through a metal stirrup which is broad enough and makes the regulation of tightness possible. It is easy to put it around the fetus and makes high energy traction possible.
Forrás: Cseh Sándor: Állatorvosi szülészeti műtéttan. Budapest, Mezőgazdasági K., 1967. 155. p. Karpfer’s coelotom This knife used for opening large animals’ abdominal cavity for the purposes of post-mortem examination was introduced by Konrád Karpfer veterinarian in 1922. With its rounded end it prevents the opening of bowels.
Deseő’s instrument
Deseő's mass transfusion instrument (1953) can be applied directly for blood transfusion from animal to animal. The small syringe-mounted unit is equipped with a rubber valve and is connected to the vein needles with two 50-inch rubber tubes. Air must be removed from the instrument before blood transfusion; blood can be sucked out from one tube and pressed immediately to the other.
For rasping horses’ teeth it is necessary to keep the mouth open, and the mouth speculum serves this purpose. The advantage of Berrár’s mouth speculum is that it can be fixed to the head so it does not move.
Dental rasps are used to remove the sharp ridges and points formed on horses’ teeth. Electric instruments are more patient-friendly, precise and convenient for dental rasping. In Lehoczki’s instrument the engine is in the handle.
Application of Berrár’s mouth speculum during dental rasping Gyula Magyary-Kossa’s gas chamber patent The patent is for getting rid of insect pests of horses, other animals, clothes or objects. The horse was introduced into a brick-built chamber plastered inside and outside as well. Its head was pulled through to the outside across a tight-fitting hood on the neck, and the doors were closed. The burning unit was placed inside the house, in which sticks of sulphur were burnt. Sulfur dioxide, arising from these, killed skin mites. This treatment took one or one and a half hours. Sulfur dioxide concentration were controlled by putting a candle in the inner window-ledge. The extinction of the flame indicated oxygen depletion, so knowing the amount of sulfur burnt, sulfur dioxide concentrations could be calculated. Source: István Kótai DVM, Kamarai Állatorvos
Modell of the gas chamber
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